10 Best Secure Network As a Service for MSP Providers – 2024

Secure Network as a Service (SNaaS) for Managed Service Providers (MSPs) delivers networking and security services to clients via the cloud, integrating networking advantages with complete protection.

This strategy allows MSPs to provide clients with scalable, adaptable, and secure networking solutions without investing in physical infrastructure or security expertise.

Unlike traditional models that require significant capital expenditure (CapEx) on physical hardware, software, and expertise for setup and maintenance, NaaS offers a flexible, subscription-based approach. 

This approach covers hardware, software, management tools, licenses, and lifecycle services through operational expenses (OpEx), allowing businesses to focus on outcomes rather than architectural complexities.

The need for flexibility, scalability, and ease of use in managing network functions has sparked the shift toward NaaS. It enables businesses to scale services up or down based on demand, rapidly deploy new services, and eliminate the need for costly hardware investments. Key benefits include:

IT Simplicity and Automation:	Automates processes such as onboarding and optimizes performance, reducing time and money spent on maintenance.
Access from Anywhere	This service supports remote work by providing global network access without traditional VPNs, offering low latency and reliable connectivity.
Enhanced Security	This approach integrates network and security functions closely, moving towards a secure access service edge (SASE) architecture for comprehensive protection.
Visibility and Insights	Offers advanced monitoring and analytics for proactive management and optimization of network performance and security.
Improved Application Experience	Ensures seamless application access and performance across multi-cloud environments with AI-driven capabilities.
Flexibility and Scalability	Delivers network services through a cloud model, allowing for easy reconfiguration, quick scalability, and customized subscription-based payment options.

Network security leaders such as Perimeter81 offer Managed Service Provider (MSP) partners a powerful, scalable, and simple secure Network as a Service to keep clients’ traffic and data secure. Try Free Demo.

The Rise of Secure NaaS in the MSP Sectors

Secure Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) is becoming more popular in the Managed Service Provider (MSP) market. This is a big change for how businesses handle and manage their networking needs.

This trend shows that network solutions are becoming more adaptable, scalable, and focused on security. This is because of a few main reasons and benefits that are changing the MSP landscape:

• Growing Demand for Scalability and Flexibility: Companies want solutions that can grow with them and adapt to changing needs. Secure NaaS lets modern enterprises scale network services on demand, offering agility.
• Enhanced Security Posture: Businesses prioritize security more than ever due to sophisticated cybersecurity attacks. Secure NaaS solutions integrate advanced security features directly into the network infrastructure, providing end-to-end protection that is typically more complete and up-to-date than on-premises solutions.
• Cost Efficiency: Secure NaaS models let enterprises switch from CapEx to OpEx, cutting upfront costs and spreading expenses over time. This pay-as-you-go strategy lets organizations optimize network infrastructure expenditures by paying only for what they use.
• Simplified Network Management: Businesses can relieve IT personnel by outsourcing network administration to Secure NaaS MSPs. This includes automating regular processes, administering complicated security policies, and ensuring network resilience and performance without in-house knowledge.
• Focus on Core Business Functions: MSPs manage network infrastructure, allowing firms to focus on core activities and strategic goals. This boosts business growth and operational efficiency.
• Rapid Deployment of New Technologies: Businesses may swiftly implement new technologies and developments using Secure NaaS. Secure NaaS enables quick innovation by integrating with cloud services, deploying IoT devices, and using AI and ML for network optimization.
• Compliance and Regulatory Requirements: Secure NaaS solutions generally have compliance controls and reporting capabilities, making regulatory compliance easier for regulated companies.
• Global Connectivity: Secure NaaS simplifies global corporate operations by guaranteeing uniform security rules and smooth connectivity across numerous locations.
• Quality of Service and Reliability: The SLAs of Secure NaaS MSPs guarantee uptime, bandwidth, and performance, guaranteeing that organizations have reliable and high-quality network services.

Key Features of Secure NaaS for MSPs

Secure Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) for Managed Service Providers (MSPs) has many essential features that improve businesses’ network control, security, scalability, and efficiency.

All of these features work together to make a strong foundation for providing complete network solutions:

• Integrated Security: Secure NaaS solutions include advanced security features like firewall-as-a-service, intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS), and advanced threat protection. These features protect the network infrastructure from beginning to end.
• Scalability: Allows for easy scaling up or down of network resources based on business needs, allowing for growth without making significant infrastructure investments upfront.
• Simplified Management: Centralized management platforms make it easy for MSPs and their clients to set up, control, and monitor security policies and network services from a single screen.
• Cost Efficiency: Businesses can switch from capital expenditure (CapEx) to operational expenditure (OpEx) by using a subscription-based plan. This lowers the initial costs and lets them pay for network services as they go.
• Compliance and Governance: Most secure NaaS solutions have built-in compliance management tools. This makes it easier for businesses to follow privacy and data security laws and best practices.
• Zero Trust Security Model: Stresses the idea of “never trust, always verify” by ensuring that users can only access network resources after thoroughly checking their identity and situation, no matter where or what device they use.
• Global Connectivity: Allows businesses to connect their processes in different places without any problems, as long as they follow the same security and performance standards.
• Quality of Service (QoS): This gives critical business applications the performance, uptime, and availability they need to work at their best by guaranteeing specific levels.
• Multi-Tenancy Support: MSPs can easily handle network services for many clients and tailor services and security policies to meet the needs of each client.
• Automation and AI-Driven Insights: Utilizes automation for routine jobs and AI for network optimization and threat detection, improving the security and efficiency of operations.

Choosing the Right Secure NaaS Provider

Secure Network as a Service (NaaS) is a modern cloud computing model that transforms how organizations access and manage network infrastructure. 

Selecting the appropriate Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) provider is essential to guarantee your organization’s network infrastructure’s scalability, flexibility, and security, protecting it from potential cyber threats.

When choosing a secure NaaS provider, it is essential to consider several key factors:

• Security Features:

1. Encryption: Verifying that the provider has implemented robust encryption protocols to protect data during transmission and at rest is essential.
2. Firewall and Intrusion Detection/Prevention: Ensure the presence of integrated firewalls and IDS/IPS systems to safeguard against unauthorized access and potential threats.
3. DDoS Protection: The provider needs to include robust measures to safeguard against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks.
4. Compliance and Certifications: Ensure that the provider adheres to industry standards and possesses certifications such as ISO 27001 and SOC 2.

• Scalability and Flexibility:

1. The provider should offer solutions that can quickly adapt to the changing needs of your business while maintaining a high level of security.2. Customize network components and services to meet your unique needs.

• Performance and Reliability:

1. Efficient networking capabilities with low latency and minimal downtime.2. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) ensure consistent uptime, optimal performance, and prompt response times.

• Management and Support:

1. Robust management tools and intuitive dashboards designed to monitor network performance and ensure optimal security effectively.2. We offer round-the-clock support and have a well-established reputation for promptly addressing and resolving issues.

• Integration Capabilities:

1. Effortlessly incorporate into your IT infrastructure and seamlessly connect with third-party services.2. Ensuring compatibility with various devices and applications through support for various protocols and standards.

• Cost:

1. Our pricing models are designed to be transparent and flexible, ensuring they meet your specific business requirements and financial constraints.2. Consider the overall cost of ownership, which encompasses setup, maintenance, and potential scalability expenses.

• Reputation and Reviews:

1. Conduct thorough research on the provider's standing within the industry.2. Gain insights into customer experiences by reviewing their feedback and examining real-life case studies, precisely security measures and support services.

• Data Sovereignty:

Understanding how the provider manages data sovereignty is essential, mainly if your organization operates in regions with stringent data protection regulations.

• Exit Strategy:

It is crucial to verify that the provider has a well-defined and easy-to-follow procedure for transitioning away from their service, should the need arise.

• Trial and Testing:

Utilize any available free trials or demos to evaluate the NaaS solution in your specific environment, with a particular emphasis on assessing its security features and performance.

Why Secure NaaS is important for MSP?

Managed service providers (MSPs) rely on a secure network as a service (NaaS) to provide their clients with reliable and secure services.

Protecting network infrastructure is critical in an era of frequently encountered and ever-evolving cyber threats. Encryption, intrusion detection, and malware protection are just a few of the advanced security features built into Secure NaaS’s strong foundation.

The availability and performance of the network, which is crucial for the ongoing operation of client services, are maintained, and sensitive data is also safeguarded.

In addition, secure NaaS enables MSPs to manage networks for numerous clients in different industries, which boosts client trust and satisfaction by allowing for the application of industry-specific rules and personalized security standards.

Secure NaaS allows MSPs to operate networks efficiently, flexibly, and scalable while protecting them from cyber-attacks.

10 Best Secure NaaS for the MSP Sector and Its Features

10 Best Secure NaaS for MSP Providers	Key Features
1. Perimeter 81	1. Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) 2. Cloud-native Architecture 3. Software-Defined Perimeter (SDP) 4. Multi-Tenant Platform 5. Automatic Wi-Fi Security 6. Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) 7. Global Private Gateway Creation
2. Cloudflare	1. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) Encryption 2. DNS Services with DNSSEC 3. Rate Limiting 4. Smart Routing with Argo 5. Workers (Serverless Computing) 6. Access Management and Zero Trust Solutions 7. Bot Management 8. Analytics and Insights
3. Netskope	1. Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) 2. Secure Web Gateway (SWG) 3. Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) 4. Data Loss Prevention (DLP) 5. Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) 6. Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) 7. Encryption of data in transit and at rest 8. Anomaly Detection and Activity Monitoring
4. VMware	1. Server Virtualization 2. Network Virtualization and Security 3. Cloud Management and Automation 4. Software-Defined Data Center (SDDC) 5. Desktop and Application Virtualization 6. Hybrid Cloud Extension 7. Storage Virtualization 8. Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
5. Palo Alto Network	1. Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFW) 2. Threat Prevention and Advanced Threat Protection 3. WildFire Malware Analysis Service 4. URL Filtering 5. GlobalProtect VPN 6. Panorama Network Security Management 7. Cortex Data Lake
6. Aarna Networks	1. Multi-Cloud Orchestration 2. Network Slicing Management 3. Edge Computing Orchestration 4. Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) 5. Closed Loop Automation 6. Service Assurance 7. Open Source Integration 8. 5G Network Function Management
7. Aryaka	1. Global SD-WAN 2. Managed WAN Optimization 3. Cloud-First WAN Services 4. Application Acceleration 5. Multi-Cloud Connectivity 6. Network and Application Visibility 7. As-a-Service Consumption Model 8. Integrated Security
8. Verizon	1. 5G Wireless Networks 2. 4G LTE Coverage 3. Internet and Broadband Services 4. Voice and VoIP Solutions 5. Business Wireless Plans 6. Internet of Things (IoT) Solutions 7. Security and Compliance Solutions 8. Cloud and Data Center Services
9. FortiGate NGFW	1. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) 2. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Inspection 3. Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) 4. Web Filtering 5. Application Control 6. VPN (Virtual Private Network) Services 7. Integrated Wireless Controller 8. Sandboxing
10. Amdocs	1. Customer Experience Systems (CES) 2. Operational Support Systems (OSS) 3. Business Support Systems (BSS) 4. Network Control and Optimization 5. Digital and Network Transformation 6. Media and Entertainment Solutions 7. Cloud Services and Infrastructure 8. Data Analytics and Intelligence 9. Professional and Managed Services

10 Best Secure Network As a Service for MSP – 2024

• Perimeter 81
• Cloudflare
• Netskope
• VMware
• Palo Alto Network
• Aarna Networks
• Aryaka
• Verizon
• FortiGate NGFW
• Amdocs

1. Perimeter 81

Perimeter 81’s Network as a Service (NaaS) solution for Managed Service Providers (MSPs) simplifies and streamlines network management and security.

This cloud-based solution simplifies secure network implementation, maintenance, and scalability, making it appealing to MSPs eager to improve their services without the complexity and cost of traditional network infrastructure.

Perimeter 81’s NaaS platform incorporates Zero Trust access control, Secure Web Gateway (SWG), and Firewall as a Service. These capabilities allow MSPs to safeguard customers from cyberattacks and secure resources regardless of location or device.

Perimeter 81’s platform makes network settings, security rules, and access restrictions easy to implement and administer for MSPs. MSPs may manage various client networks from a single dashboard with multi-tenancy, streamlining operations and improving productivity.

As client demands change, MSPs may quickly add or remove users and services with the highly scalable system.

Due to this scalability and cloud-based architecture, MSPs can provide clients flexible and cost-effective networking solutions that adapt to changing demands without hardware investment.

Perimeter 81 helps MSPs and their clients satisfy regulatory compliance and data protection obligations. Business owners in regulated sectors may rest assured that the platform’s robust encryption and data security features protects sensitive data.

Perimeter 81’s cloud-based Network as a Service for MSPs offers superior protection, ease of use, scalability, and compliance assistance.

This allows MSPs to deliver high-value, secure networking solutions to their clients, boosting their market competitiveness and ensuring their networks are safe and compliant.

Key Features:

• The default setting is not to trust any entity, whether it’s inside or outside the network.
• Allows for more accessible establishment and administration of protected networks.
• Gives consumers instantaneous security on any public Wi-Fi.
• Approves the partitioning of network resources into protected areas.
• Improved safety is achieved through seamless integration with widely used cloud and software-as-a-service technologies.

Pros	Cons
Simplified management with multi-tenant console.	Learning curve for MSP staff to fully utilize features.
SaaS-based model provides recurring revenue for MSPs.	Pricing details may require clarification for long-term planning.
Comprehensive security features, including Zero Trust and MFA (Multi-factor Authentication).
Scalable solution that grows with client base.

Perimeter81 – Trial / Demo

2. Cloudflare

Cloudflare’s integration between its DNS Filtering solution and Tenant platform offers Managed Service Providers (MSPs) a robust Network as a Service (NaaS) solution.

This integration supports parent-child policy configurations, enabling MSPs to manage large, multi-tenant deployments efficiently.

Cloudflare enhances MSP capabilities by integrating DNS Filtering with the Tenant platform, introduced in 2019, for seamless management of multi-tenant deployments. 

It allows MSPs to support their clients with advanced security measures, including DNS filtering, for protection against online threats like ransomware and phishing. 

The solution is designed for scalability, enabling MSPs to manage policies across millions of devices and accounts with granular control at the account or business unit level.

Key Features:

• Provides network-level security across the enterprise.
• Ensures continuous monitoring, validation, and access control, including MFA and DAC.
• Utilizes Magic Transit to safeguard against DDoS attacks while accelerating traffic.
• Facilitates direct connections from on-premises networks to Cloudflare’s network, enhancing performance and security.

Pros	Cons
Scalable management	Clients and MSPs must be willing to integrate closely with Cloudflare’s ecosystem, which might limit flexibility with other solutions.
Rapid deployment	Managing updates and policies through APIs can be complex.
Support for zero-trust architecture

Cloudflare – Trial / Demo

3. Netskope

Netskope Secure Network As a Service for MSP offering, is a cloud security platform that provides security and compliance for cloud services, applications, and web usage.

It offers a comprehensive approach to securing data and user activities in the cloud.

Key Features:

• Allows for oversight and management of cloud applications and services.
• Protects users from online dangers and ensures they follow company policies.
• Prevents the disclosure or unauthorized use of confidential information.
• Determines permissions depending on the user’s context and identity.
• Safeguards data stored in the cloud, on websites, and in private applications from potential dangers.

Pros	Cons
Netskope is designed for cloud-native environments, making it effective at securing cloud-based applications and services.	Implementing and configuring Netskope can be complex and may require dedicated expertise to ensure optimal performance and security.
It offers granular visibility into cloud usage and the ability to enforce policies on a per-application and per-user basis.
Netskope includes robust DLP capabilities to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access or sharing

Netskope – Trial / Demo

4.VMware

VMware is a leading provider of virtualization and cloud computing solutions.

They offer various products and services, including virtualization software, cloud management tools, and network-as-a-service (IaaS) solutions.

Key Features:

• A significant benefit is the ability to build whole networks in software without worrying about the hardware.
• Improves the speed, stability, and efficiency of wide-area network connections.
• It gives each workload its unique security policies to make them more secure.
• Secures and networks data centers and clouds consistently by integrating with cloud platforms.
• Allows for analytics and planning of network traffic to be seen.

Pros	Cons
VMware offers hybrid cloud solutions, enabling MSPs and their clients to integrate on-premises and cloud resources seamlessly.	Vendor lock-in
VMware has a vast ecosystem of products and partners, making it easier to build customized solutions for clients.	Setting up and managing VMware environments can be complex, requiring skilled IT professionals
VMware solutions are known for their reliability and robustness.

VMware – Trial / Demo

5. Palo Alto Network

Palo Alto Networks’ Prisma Cloud Network as a Service (NaaS) MSP Provider is an advanced security platform enabling enterprises to secure their applications comprehensively across hybrid and multi-cloud environments. 

Designed to bridge the gap between security and DevOps teams, it facilitates the rapid development and deployment of cloud-native applications with a robust suite of security features from code to cloud.

Key Features:

• Ensures secure code delivery for applications and infrastructure across the software supply chain.
• Helps manage and improve security posture in cloud environments.
• Offers security for hosts, serverless functions, and containers.
• Protects web applications and APIs from a wide range of threats.
• Manages permissions and access across multi-cloud platforms.

Pros	Cons
Simplifies training and reduces staffing challenges by offering a comprehensive security solution.	Complex user interface
Minimizes friction between security and development teams, enhancing collaboration.	Cost considerations
Offers robust protection against zero-day vulnerabilities and other emerging threats.

Palo Alto Network – Trial / Demo

6. Aarna Networks

Aarna Networks is known for its contributions to developing cloud-native network solutions and orchestrating containerized network functions. 

The company offers products and services that help telecommunications service providers and network operators transition to modern, software-defined network architectures.

Key Features:

• It was dedicated to developing software solutions for 5G networks and edge computing.
• Streamlines the process of managing resources in different cloud environments.
• Supports 5G network slicing, which improves performance and security.
• Uses open-source software to provide networking solutions that are both adaptable and fully customizable.
• Optimises performance and decreases latency by utilizing edge computing capabilities.

Pros	Cons
Aarna Networks promotes a cloud-native networking approach, enhancing scalability, flexibility, and resource efficiency.	Integrating these modern solutions into existing network infrastructures may pose challenges for some organizations.
A commitment to open-source projects fosters innovation and collaboration within the networking community.
It focuses on Multi-Access Edge Computing and supports emerging applications that require low-latency and high-performance networks.

Aarna Networks – Trial / Demo

7. Aryaka

Aryaka delivers a zero-trust WAN through its managed Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) solution, specifically designed for the cloud era. 

The platform seamlessly blends networking and security capabilities, offering an integrated experience managed from a unified dashboard. 

Aryaka’s Managed SASE and Managed SD-WAN services provide global network connectivity and secure internet access for sites, applications, and users, positioning it as a comprehensive Network as a Service (NaaS) solution for enterprises aiming to connect users, applications, and clouds worldwide efficiently.

Key Features:

• Offers agile and flexible NaaS for superior connectivity.
• Interconnects enterprises, workers, workloads, and support seamlessly.
• Integrated with Aryaka’s cloud-based service delivery platform for end-to-end management.
• Improves the performance of cloud and on-premise applications globally.

Pros	Cons
Acknowledged as the fastest SD-WAN and software-defined network available.	Storage limitations
Streamlines network management, reducing total cost of ownership.	Migration and service challenges
Reliable network operations

Aryaka – Trial / Demo

8. Verizon

Verizon is a well-established telecommunications company offering a range of network services suitable for Managed Service Providers (MSPs) looking to provide their clients with Network as a Service (NaaS). 

Verizon offers a suite of network services that MSPs can leverage to build and deliver NaaS solutions to their clients. These services include connectivity options, cloud networking, software-defined networking (SDN), and security solutions.

Key Features:

• Manages a variety of services, including security and SD-WAN.
• Offers a VPN solution based on MPLS that is both safe and scalable.
• Provides companies with dependable, high-speed wireless broadband.
• It involves cybersecurity threat intelligence and managed security services.
• Offers consultancy services in network optimization, administration, and security.

Pros	Cons
Verizon offers a reliable and extensive network infrastructure.	The cost and complexity may not align with smaller MSPs’ budgets and resources.
Provides Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) capabilities for flexibility.
Includes proactive network monitoring and support options.

Verizon – Trial / Demo

9. FortiGate NGFW

Fortinet created FortiGate NGFW, a cybersecurity appliance or software solution. FortiGate NGFWs are known for their robust security and performance.

It is designed to provide advanced network security by combining traditional firewall capabilities with additional security features like intrusion prevention, antivirus, application control, web filtering, and more.

FortiGate Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) is an excellent choice as a Network as a Service (NaaS) provider for Managed Service Providers (MSPs) looking to offer robust network security solutions to their clients.

Key Features:

• Combines security features with intrusion prevention and enhanced threat intelligence.
• It was developed to provide minimal latency and excellent throughput.
• It helps make setting up and managing security policies easier.
• Provides safe VPN packages for remote access encryption.
• Detects and responds to threats in real time using AI and machine learning.

Pros	Cons
Offers robust security features, including intrusion prevention and antivirus.	The MSP market is competitive, and MSPs need to differentiate their services.
It can be tailored to meet specific client security needs.	Quality of customer support may vary based on the MSP’s relationship with Fortinet.
Suitable for businesses of different sizes.
Works well with other Fortinet security products.

FortiGate NGFW – Trial / Demo

10. Amdocs

Amdocs offers a Network as a Service (NaaS) solution to empower service providers to design, deploy, and monetize flexible NaaS offerings quickly for their enterprise clients. 

This approach leverages cloud technologies, business applications, and virtualized network infrastructure to deliver a comprehensive solution focusing on automation, orchestration, and simplification across the service lifecycle. 

Amdocs’ NaaS solution is tailored to streamline designing, ordering, and managing network services and value-added services, making it an attractive option for Managed Service Providers (MSPs) looking to enhance their offerings.

Key Features:

• Incorporates a pre-integrated collection of third-party virtual network functions (VNFs).
• Focuses on providing solutions and software to the banking, media, and communications sectors.
• Offers services and solutions to automate network operations.
• Provides resources to enhance interaction with customers and the quality of services offered.
• Provides expert advice on cloud computing strategy, migration, and management to enhance network performance.

Pros	Cons
Streamlines service design and deployment, enabling quicker launch of new offerings.	Amdocs’ NaaS solution primarily aims at service providers, which may limit direct applicability for enterprises not working through an MSP.
Opens up new avenues for monetization and service differentiation for enterprises.

Amdocs – Trial / Demo

Conclusion

Selecting the right Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) provider is a pivotal decision for businesses aiming to enhance their network management capabilities. Here’s a summary of key considerations:

• Precise Requirements: To pinpoint suitable NaaS solutions among the available range, define your needs.
• Compatibility Check: Ensure the chosen provider’s offerings align with your existing environment and integrate seamlessly with your SaaS and cloud partners.
• Cost-Efficiency: Evaluate the cost of NaaS relative to traditional network setups, aiming for a model that saves costs and facilitates digital transformation and scalability.

Organizations can identify NaaS providers that best match their requirements by conducting thorough research and relying on reputable sources. 

NaaS empowers businesses to delegate network management, freeing internal teams to focus on strategic tasks. 

However, it’s crucial to remember that NaaS solutions vary, and the right choice should align with your unique use case to maximize its benefits.

FAQ

What is NaaS in the context of MSPs?

In the “Network as a Service” (NaaS) model, customers pay a monthly fee in exchange for virtual access to various network services. Managed service providers (MSPs) provide their clients with network infrastructure and services, including bandwidth, network management, and security, without forcing them to invest in physical equipment.

How does NaaS enhance network security for MSP clients?

Firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption protocols are standard in NaaS implementations. MSP clients have a safe network with these integrated security measures protecting data and applications from unwanted access, threats, and attacks.

How do MSPs manage compliance and regulatory requirements with NaaS?

MSPs can choose NaaS providers that meet their clients’ industry and regulatory standards. Compliance regulations, data protection standards, and audit trails can be enforced by NaaS solutions to help businesses satisfy regulatory requirements.